Internet traffic globally was up 23% in 2021, lower than the 40-50% pandemic-driven surge in 2020. The energy efficiency of data transmission has improved rapidly over the past decade: fixed-line network energy intensity has halved every two years in developed countries, and mobile-access network energy efficiency has improved by 10-30% annually in recent years. Globally, data transmission networks consumed 260-340 TWh in 2021 4, or 1.1-1.4% of global electricity use. Sources: Internet users internet traffic data centre workloads data centre energy use cryptocurrency mining energy use data transmission network energy use. Global trends in digital and energy indicators, 2015-2021 Strong efficiency improvements have helped to limit growth in energy demand from data centres globally In Denmark, data centre energy use is projected to triple by 2025 to account for around 7% of the country’s electricity use. For example, data centre electricity use in Ireland has more than tripled since 2015, accounting for 14% of total electricity consumption in 2021. Overall data centre energy use (excluding crypto) appears likely to continue growing moderately over the next few years, but longer-term trends are highly uncertain.Īlthough data centre electricity consumption globally has grown only moderately, some smaller countries with expanding data centre markets are seeing rapid growth. However, the rapid growth in workloads handled by large data centres has resulted in rising energy use in this segment over the past several years (increasing by 10-30% per year). Since 2010, data centre energy use (excluding crypto) has grown only moderately despite the strong growth in demand for data centre services, thanks in part to efficiency improvements in IT hardware and cooling and a shift away from small, inefficient enterprise data centres towards more efficient cloud and hyperscale data centres. This excludes energy used for cryptocurrency mining, which was 100-140 TWh in 2021. Global data centre electricity use in 2021 was 220-320 TWh 2, or around 0.9-1.3% of global final electricity demand.
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